Nakhon Phanom is situated at the valley of Mekong River. Its name was given by King Rama I which means “city of mountains.”
Actually, there are no mountains found in Nakhon Phanom and most of the limestone mountains are found in Thakek which is located on the other side of Mekong. Thus, Nakhom Phanom means that it is a city where one can see the mountains. Lao people are the ones who inhabit the city and these people are said to belong to the Lan Xang kingdom.
The city had become a witness in some of the serious fights between the North Vietnamese insurgents and the US Army in the Vietnam War. It was in 1960s when Nakhon Phanom was divided into 131 amphoes and 73 of these were infiltrated by the Vietnamese communists. The area is divided into 11 districts and one minor district and these districts are subdivided into 97 communes and 1,040 villages.